Standardisation is one of the most common promises made inside organisations. Same SOPs, same systems, same rules, same expectations. On paper, standardisation creates predictability, control, and efficiency. In reality, especially in Malaysia, standardisation rarely survives contact with daily operations. What emerges instead is a negotiated version of the standard — shaped by people, environment, constraints, […]

Why “Does It Make Sense?” Is the Wrong First Question For a long time, I thought cost–benefit analysis meant one thing: numbers. If the benefits were higher than the cost, the decision made sense. Simple. In reality, that framing caused more confusion than clarity. The better question was never “Does it make sense?” but “In […]